Thursday, July 20, 2006

 

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Rifle Scopes

Telescopic rifle scopes sights are classified in terms of the optical magnification and the objective lens diameter, e.g. 10 50. This would denote 10 times magnification with a 50 mm objective lens. In general terms, larger objective lens diameters are better (collect more light and give a wider field of view), the magnification power should be chosen on the basis of the intended use. There are also Adjustable Objectives sights where the magnification can be changed by manually turning one part, the syntax is the following: minimal magnification maximum magnification objective lens, for example, 3 9 40.

Telescopic rifle scopes sights come with a variety of different reticles, ranging from the traditional crosshairs to complex reticles designed to allow the shooter to estimate accurately the range to a target, to compensate for the bullet drop, and to compensate for the windage required due to crosswinds. Perhaps most flexible is the "mil-dot" reticle, which consists of duplex crosshairs with small dots at milliradian intervals in the field of view. (A milli-radian equates to 3.43775 MOA, that is, approximately 21.6 inches at 600 yards; each MOA equates to 1.0472" at 100 yards, often rounded to 1" at 100 yards for fast mental calculations.) A trained user can estimate the range to objects of known size, the size of objects at known distances, and even compensate for both bullet drop and wind drifts at known ranges with a reticle-equipped rifle scope.

For example, with a typical Leupold "rifle scope" brand duplex 16 MOA reticle (of a type as shown in image B) on a fixed power scope, the distance from post to post (that is, between the heavy lines of the reticle spanning the center of the scope picture) is approximately 32 inches at 200 yards, or, equivalently, approximately 16 inches from the center to any post at 200 yards. With a known target of a diameter of 16 inches that fills just half the distance from scope center to post, the distance to target is approximately 400 yards. With a known target of a diameter of 16 inches that fills the entire sight picture from post to post, the range is approximately 100 yards. Other ranges can be similarly estimated accurately in an analog fashion for known target sizes through proportionality calculations. Holdover, for estimating vertical point of aim offset required for bullet drop compensation on level terrain, and horizontal windage offset (for estimating side to side point of aim offsets required for wind effect corrections) can similarly be compensated for through using approximations based on the wind speed (from observing flags or other objects) by a trained user through using the reticle marks. The less-commonly used holdunder, used for shooting on sloping terrain, can even be estimated by an appropriately-skilled user with a reticle-equipped scope, once the slope of the terrain and the slant range to target are both known.

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